Guinea is a signatory to the Rome Statute and deposited its instruments of ratification on 14 July 2003. In 2009, the ICC prosecutor opened a preliminary examination into political violence that occurred in Guinea in 2009.

After the 2007 elections in Kenya, widespread violence ensued, resulting in over 1000 dead, 600,000 displaced and hundreds sexually assaulted. In March 2010, the ICC started its investigation into alleged crimes committed during the post-election period.

The situation in Libya was referred to the ICC by the UN Security Council in February 2011, in the wake of alleged crimes against humanity after the 2011 popular demonstrations. ICC cases include Saif Gaddafi and Abdullah al-Senussi.